Deficiency impairs bone mineralization, causing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults and possibly contributing. As the causes of falls are multifactorial, other studies have not found that vitamin D supplements alone reduce falls in older adults ( 9 Physiology references Inadequate exposure to sunlight predisposes to vitamin D deficiency. read more ), but primarily in patients who are vitamin D deficient. read more ) and falls ( 8 Physiology references Inadequate exposure to sunlight predisposes to vitamin D deficiency. Some evidence suggests that taking the combined recommended daily allowance of both vitamin D and calcium reduces the risk of fractures ( 6, 7 Physiology references Inadequate exposure to sunlight predisposes to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation does not effectively treat or prevent depression or cardiovascular disease ( 4, 5 Physiology references Inadequate exposure to sunlight predisposes to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D's usefulness in preventing leukemia and breast, prostate, colon, or other cancers has not been proved, nor has its efficacy in treating various other nonskeletal disorders in adults ( 1–3 Physiology references Inadequate exposure to sunlight predisposes to vitamin D deficiency. read more, and renal osteodystrophy Calcium and phosphate. read more, hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone often caused by an autoimmune disorder or by iatrogenic damage or removal of the glands during thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. Vitamin D and related analogs may be used to treat psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that manifests most commonly as well-circumscribed, erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales.